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Since most people are asleep at 04:30, it is seen as more practical to pretend that 04:30 is actually 05:30, thereby allowing people to wake close to the sunrise and be active in the evening light. In American temperate latitudes, for example, the sun rises around 04:30 at the summer solstice and sets around 19:30. The shift in apparent time is also motivated by practicality. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, but the actual effect on overall energy use is heavily disputed. Proponents of daylight saving time argue that most people prefer a greater increase in daylight hours after the typical ' nine to five' workday. They will have one less hour of daylight at the start of the workday, making the policy less practical during winter. North and south of the tropics, daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, with the effect becoming greater the further one moves away from the equator.Īfter synchronously resetting all clocks in a region to one hour ahead of standard time, individuals following a clock-based schedule will awaken an hour earlier than they would have otherwise-or rather an hour's worth of darkness earlier they will begin and complete daily work routines an hour of daylight earlier: they will have available to them an extra hour of daylight after their workday activities. In contrast, an agrarian society's daily routines for work and personal conduct are more likely governed by the length of daylight hours and by solar time, which change seasonally because of the Earth's axial tilt. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, and the coordination of mass transit, for example, usually remain constant year-round. Industrialized societies usually follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. Īn ancient water clock that lets hour lengths vary with season.

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Computer software generally adjusts clocks automatically. A minority of the world's population uses DST Asia and Africa generally do not.ĭST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, and sleep patterns. The United States observes it, except for the states of Hawaii and Arizona (within the latter, however, the Navajo Nation does observe it, conforming to federal practice).

Conversely, it is not observed at some places at high latitudes, because there are wide variations in sunrise and sunset times and a one-hour shift would relatively not make much difference. Some countries observe it only in some regions: for example, parts of Australia observe it, while other parts do not. DST is generally not observed near the Equator, where sunrise and sunset times do not vary enough to justify it. Many countries have used DST at various times since then, particularly since the 1970s energy crisis. Starting on April 30, 1916, the German Empire and Austria-Hungary each organized the first nationwide implementation in their jurisdictions. In 1908 Port Arthur in Ontario, Canada, started using DST. After some serious consideration, it was not implemented. In 1907, British resident William Willett presented the idea as a way to save energy.

In 1895, New Zealand entomologist and astronomer George Hudson proposed the idea of changing clocks by two hours every spring to the Wellington Philosophical Society. In a satirical letter to the editor of The Journal of Paris, Franklin suggested that waking up earlier in the summer would economize on candle usage and calculated considerable savings. The idea of aligning waking hours to daylight hours to conserve candles was first proposed in 1784 by US polymath Benjamin Franklin. As a result, there is one 23-hour day in late winter or early spring and one 25-hour day in autumn. The typical implementation of DST is to set clocks forward by one hour in the spring (' spring forward'), and to set clocks back by one hour in autumn (' fall back') to return to standard time. Daylight saving time ( DST), also referred to as daylight savings time or simply daylight time (United States, Canada, and Australia), and summer time (United Kingdom, European Union, and others), is the practice of advancing clocks (typically by one hour) during warmer months so that darkness falls at a later clock time.

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